Hướng dẫn cấu hình file config Nginx cho WordPress

Dưới đây, mình sẽ hướng dẫn bạn cách cấu hình tệp cấu hình Nginx để chạy một trang web hoặc blog sử dụng mã nguồn WordPress.

Tệp cấu hình gốc của Nginx thường được đặt tại đường dẫn /etc/nginx/sites-available/default trên hệ điều hành Ubuntu.

##
# You should look at the following URL's in order to grasp a solid understanding
# of Nginx configuration files in order to fully unleash the power of Nginx.
# https://www.nginx.com/resources/wiki/start/
# https://www.nginx.com/resources/wiki/start/topics/tutorials/config_pitfalls/
# https://wiki.debian.org/Nginx/DirectoryStructure
#
# In most cases, administrators will remove this file from sites-enabled/ and
# leave it as reference inside of sites-available where it will continue to be
# updated by the nginx packaging team.
#
# This file will automatically load configuration files provided by other
# applications, such as Drupal or WordPress. These applications will be made
# available underneath a path with that package name, such as /drupal8.
#
# Please see /usr/share/doc/nginx-doc/examples/ for more detailed examples.
##

# Default server configuration
#
server {
        listen 80 default_server;
        listen [::]:80 default_server;

        # SSL configuration
        #
        # listen 443 ssl default_server;
        # listen [::]:443 ssl default_server;
        #
        # Note: You should disable gzip for SSL traffic.
        # See: https://bugs.debian.org/773332
        #
        # Read up on ssl_ciphers to ensure a secure configuration.
        # See: https://bugs.debian.org/765782
        #
        # Self signed certs generated by the ssl-cert package
        # Don't use them in a production server!
        #
        # include snippets/snakeoil.conf;

        root /var/www/html;

        # Add index.php to the list if you are using PHP
        index index.html index.htm index.nginx-debian.html;

        server_name _;

        location / {
                # First attempt to serve request as file, then
                # as directory, then fall back to displaying a 404.
                try_files $uri $uri/ =404;
        }

        # pass PHP scripts to FastCGI server
        #
        #location ~ .php$ {
        #       include snippets/fastcgi-php.conf;

        #       # With php-fpm (or other unix sockets):
        #       fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php/php7.4-fpm.sock;
        #       # With php-cgi (or other tcp sockets):
        #       fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
        #}

        # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
        # concurs with nginx's one
        #
        #location ~ /.ht {
        #       deny all;
        #}
}


# Virtual Host configuration for example.com
#
# You can move that to a different file under sites-available/ and symlink that
# to sites-enabled/ to enable it.
#
#server {
#       listen 80;
#       listen [::]:80;
#
#       server_name example.com;
#
#       root /var/www/example.com;
#       index index.html;
#
#       location / {
#               try_files $uri $uri/ =404;
#       }
#}

Bây giờ chúng ta tiến hành sửa file config này, thành file config sử dụng cho WordPress

1. Thêm Index.php vào mục index nếu sử dụng php

Sửa dòng index

index index.html index.htm index.nginx-debian.html;

Thêm index.php

index index.html index.php index.htm index.nginx-debian.html;

2. Sửa mục try_files để Nginx nhận query string cho WordPress

Sử dòng try_files

try_files $uri $uri/ =404;

Thay bằng

try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php?q=$uri&$args;

3. Mở comment mục location để pass tới FastCGI server

Mở comment những dòng như bên dưới

location ~ .php$ {include snippets/fastcgi-php.conf;# With php-fpm (or other unix sockets):fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php/php7.4-fpm.sock;
# # With php-cgi (or other tcp sockets):
# fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
}

Chú ý là nên sử dụng socket

4. Kiểm tra file config Nginx

Sau khi đã chỉnh sửa file config Nginx chúng ta có 1 file hoàn chỉnh như sau:

server {
        listen 80 default_server;
        listen [::]:80 default_server;

        # SSL configuration
        #
        # listen 443 ssl default_server;
        # listen [::]:443 ssl default_server;
        #
        # Note: You should disable gzip for SSL traffic.
        # See: https://bugs.debian.org/773332
        #
        # Read up on ssl_ciphers to ensure a secure configuration.
        # See: https://bugs.debian.org/765782
        #
        # Self signed certs generated by the ssl-cert package
        # Don't use them in a production server!
        #
        # include snippets/snakeoil.conf;

        root /var/www/html;

        # Add index.php to the list if you are using PHP
        index index.html index.php index.htm index.nginx-debian.html;

        server_name _;

        location / {
                # First attempt to serve request as file, then
                # as directory, then fall back to displaying a 404.
                try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php?q=$uri&$args;
        }

        # pass PHP scripts to FastCGI server
        #
        location ~ .php$ {
                include snippets/fastcgi-php.conf;

                # With php-fpm (or other unix sockets):
                fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php/php7.4-fpm.sock;
        #       # With php-cgi (or other tcp sockets):
        #       fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
        }

        # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
        # concurs with nginx's one
        #
        #location ~ /.ht {
        #       deny all;
        #}
}

Cuối cùng sau khi thực hiện 3 bước trên, hay lưu lại file này.

Để kiểm tra file config Nginx chúng ta sử dụng command: nginx -t. Nếu kết quả như bên dưới thì là okie

Sau đó chúng ta restart hoặc reload lại Nginx bằng lệnh

sudo systemctl reload nginx